Study: Climate, Land Use Changes Sharply Reduce Pollinating Insects
2023-10-18
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1A new study suggests changes in world climate and land use are sharply reducing the number of insects needed for pollinating crops.
2The study looked at thousands of species and areas around the world.
3It found that the number of pollinating insects dropped by 61 percent during periods of abnormally high temperatures and reduced supply of flowering plants.
4Leaders of the study noted that bees, flies, moths and other pollinators are more affected than the general insect population.
5Results of the research recently appeared in the publication Science Advances.
6"We're seeing the climate change is already having this really strong impact on pollinators," study co-writer Tim Newbold told The Associated Press.
7He is an ecologist at the University College of London.
8The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates about 35 percent of world food crops and 75 percent of flowering plants depend on insects and other animal pollinators to reproduce.
9The study found the biggest problems with pollinator loss are in the tropics - areas that sit close to Earth's equator.
10The countries most at risk of crop loss from reduced pollinators include China, India, Indonesia and Brazil.
11Sub-Saharan Africa is also in danger, especially its cocoa and mango crops, the study found.
12Given the current situation, the researchers said some important tropical crops - especially coffee and cocoa - could be badly hurt.
13Those plants depend heavily on bees and flies to help them reproduce.
14Past studies have shown insect populations are decreasing for several reasons, including climate change and loss of habitat.
15Other studies have shown shrinking numbers of pollinators, with coffee and cocoa plants especially harmed by the absence.
16Newbold, from the University College of London, said he sees a "double hit of climate change" affecting the coffee plants themselves, as well as the pollinators they depend on.
17This does not mean, however, that there will be no coffee or chocolate available, said the study's lead writer, Joe Millard.
18It will just mean buyers will have to pay more for them.
19Millard is a computational ecologist at the Natural History Museum in London.
20University of Delaware insect expert Douglas Tallamy - who was not part of the research - said this study is unusual because it centered on the tropics, which other research has not.
21"We're not paying enough attention to the tropics," Tallamy said.
22"They are important."
23Newbold noted that pollinating insects in the tropics are likely hit harder than other places because they are already near their temperature limits that place them at risk.
24"Massive warming in the tropics is pushing those species over the edge," Newbold said.
25Habitat loss is the main driver for the shrinking number of pollinators because it leaves less food for them, Millard said.
26Climate change, parasites, disease, and chemicals in the environment add to that difficulty.
27Newbold said scientists are still trying to find out why pollinators seem to be suffering worse effects from warming temperatures than other insects.
28It could be because they have hairier legs and bodies that help them carry pollen, the researchers said.
29It is like "being forced to have a big furry coat and it's getting hot," Newbold said.
30But the University of Delaware's Tallamy is not so sure.
31He said that the study's data is solid, but its explanation as to cause of impact is more of a guess.
32I'm Bryan Lynn.
1A new study suggests changes in world climate and land use are sharply reducing the number of insects needed for pollinating crops. 2The study looked at thousands of species and areas around the world. It found that the number of pollinating insects dropped by 61 percent during periods of abnormally high temperatures and reduced supply of flowering plants. 3Leaders of the study noted that bees, flies, moths and other pollinators are more affected than the general insect population. Results of the research recently appeared in the publication Science Advances. 4"We're seeing the climate change is already having this really strong impact on pollinators," study co-writer Tim Newbold told The Associated Press. He is an ecologist at the University College of London. 5The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates about 35 percent of world food crops and 75 percent of flowering plants depend on insects and other animal pollinators to reproduce. 6The study found the biggest problems with pollinator loss are in the tropics - areas that sit close to Earth's equator. The countries most at risk of crop loss from reduced pollinators include China, India, Indonesia and Brazil. Sub-Saharan Africa is also in danger, especially its cocoa and mango crops, the study found. 7Given the current situation, the researchers said some important tropical crops - especially coffee and cocoa - could be badly hurt. Those plants depend heavily on bees and flies to help them reproduce. 8Past studies have shown insect populations are decreasing for several reasons, including climate change and loss of habitat. Other studies have shown shrinking numbers of pollinators, with coffee and cocoa plants especially harmed by the absence. 9Newbold, from the University College of London, said he sees a "double hit of climate change" affecting the coffee plants themselves, as well as the pollinators they depend on. 10This does not mean, however, that there will be no coffee or chocolate available, said the study's lead writer, Joe Millard. It will just mean buyers will have to pay more for them. Millard is a computational ecologist at the Natural History Museum in London. 11University of Delaware insect expert Douglas Tallamy - who was not part of the research - said this study is unusual because it centered on the tropics, which other research has not. "We're not paying enough attention to the tropics," Tallamy said. "They are important." 12Newbold noted that pollinating insects in the tropics are likely hit harder than other places because they are already near their temperature limits that place them at risk. "Massive warming in the tropics is pushing those species over the edge," Newbold said. 13Habitat loss is the main driver for the shrinking number of pollinators because it leaves less food for them, Millard said. Climate change, parasites, disease, and chemicals in the environment add to that difficulty. 14Newbold said scientists are still trying to find out why pollinators seem to be suffering worse effects from warming temperatures than other insects. It could be because they have hairier legs and bodies that help them carry pollen, the researchers said. 15It is like "being forced to have a big furry coat and it's getting hot," Newbold said. 16But the University of Delaware's Tallamy is not so sure. He said that the study's data is solid, but its explanation as to cause of impact is more of a guess. 17I'm Bryan Lynn. 18The Associated Press reported this story. Bryan Lynn adapted the report for VOA Learning English. 19____________________________________________ 20Words in This Story 21pollinate - v. to carry pollen from a male part of a flower to the female part of another flower of the same type 22habitat - n. the natural environment of a plant or animal 23impact - n. the affect a person, event or situation has on someone or something 24parasite - n. a plant or animal that lives on or inside another plant or animal in order to get food 25pollen - n. a powdery substance produced by flowers that is carried by insects or wind and makes other flowers produce seeds 26guess - adj. to form an opinion of from little or no evidence